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Amarthya Pandian

Methamphetamines

Updated: May 29, 2023

Effects of methamphetamines in teenagers

(image source: TalkToFrank)


Methamphetamines White/crystal/power: (will be crushed for use)








Overview:

Methamphetamines is classified as an addictive stimulant that speeds up the central nervous system. It is often called “Meth” and it is used to treat ADHD, as well as aids in the weight loss of obese patients. It is often odorless, and in power form. This affects teenagers dangerously as they have the highest rate in meth usage. In 2017, 375,000 teenagers (1.1% of the world population) aged 18-25 used meth. 20% of the teenagers aged 12-17 used meth.


Medical Use:

  • Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): Methamphetamine, in the form of the medication Desoxyn, may be prescribed in rare cases when other medications have been ineffective. It is usually reserved for patients who have not responded adequately to other treatment options. Desoxyn helps increase attention span and reduce hyperactivity and impulsivity in individuals with ADHD.

  • Short-term weight loss: Methamphetamine can be prescribed for short-term use as an appetite suppressant in cases of severe obesity. It may be used when other weight loss methods have failed, and the potential benefits outweigh the risks. However, this use is highly restricted due to the potential for abuse and addiction.

  • Narcolepsy: Methamphetamine may be prescribed to manage excessive daytime sleepiness and sudden episodes of muscle weakness or paralysis (cataplexy) associated with narcolepsy. It helps promote wakefulness and alertness in individuals with this sleep disorders.

Side Effects:

Short Term Effects:

  • Increased wakefulness and physical activity

  • Decreased appetite

  • Faster breathing rapid and/or irregular heartbeat

  • Increased blood pressure and body temperature

Long Term Effects:

  • Extreme weight loss

  • Addiction

  • Severe dental problems

  • Intense itching, leading to skin sores from scratching

  • Anxiety changes in brain structure and function confusion memory loss

  • Sleeping problems

  • Violent behavior

  • Paranoia— irrationally extreme distrust of others

  • Hallucinations - Sensing, perceiving things (not present) or differently from how they truly are.

Possible Complications:

Cardiovascular complications:

  • Increased risk of heart attacks and stroke

  • Irregular heart rhythms (arrhythmias)

  • Hypertension (high blood pressure)

  • Cardiomyopathy (weakening of the heart muscles)

  • Atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries)

Respiratory complications:

  • Pulmonary hypertension (high blood pressure in the lungs)

  • Respiratory infections

  • Chronic bronchitis

  • Acute lung injury

  • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

Neurological complications:

  • Seizures

  • Neurotoxicity leading to brain damage

  • Cognitive impairments, including memory loss and difficulty with concentration and decision-making

  • Movement disorders, such as Parkinson's disease-like symptoms

Psychiatric/ Mental health conditions:

  • Addiction and substance use disorder

  • Depression

  • Anxiety disorders

  • Psychosis (hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized thinking)

  • Suicidal thoughts or behaviors

Infectious diseases:

  • Hepatitis B and C

  • HIV/AIDS (from sharing contaminated needles or engaging in risky behaviors)

  • Skin infections and abscesses (from skin picking and injection drug use)


Drug interactions:

These are the most common drug interactions out of the many available. Please consult with your doctor prior to taking any.

  • Combining methamphetamines with antidepressants, blood pressure medications or decongestants can increase blood pressure, body temperatures, and heartbeat.

  • Antipsychotic medications with methamphetamine can worsen antipsychotic treatment and increase the risk of adverse reactions.

  • Serotonergic drugs or Opioids with methamphetamine can increase serotonin levels, and cause respiratory depression

  • Alcohol and sedatives with methamphetamine can depress the central nervous system

Dosing:

The following dosing information was provided by Medscape.com, however please refer to a physician prior to intake, as it can change based on weight, body type and other factors.

Pediatrics (Teenagers Up to 25 years):

<6 years : Safety efficacy not established

> 6 years : 5 mg per day or 12 hr increase dose at weekly intervals of 5 mg until optimal response(usually 20-25 days mg/day)


Notes:

Methamphetamine is a depressant and primarily acts as a CNS (central nervous system), but caution is needed when using it with other medications. Individuals with obstructive lung disease are at a higher risk of complications, and alcohol should be avoided due to unpredictable effects and increased cardiovascular risks. Consult a healthcare professional for personalized guidance and to ensure safe use of methamphetamine.

 

Citation:

“Desoxyn (methamphetamine) dosing, indications, interactions, adverse effects, and more.” Medscape Reference, https://reference.medscape.com/drug/desoxyn-methamphetamine-999218. Accessed 25 May 2023.


“Meth Abuse Statistics.” Sunshine Behavioral Health, 1 July 2021, https://www.sunshinebehavioralhealth.com/amphetamines/meth/abuse-statistics/. Accessed 25 May 2023.


“Methamphetamine.” MedlinePlus, 15 June 2017, https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a615002.html. Accessed 25 May 2023.


“Methamphetamine DrugFacts.” National Institute on Drug Abuse, 16 May 2019, https://nida.nih.gov/publications/drugfacts/methamphetamine. Accessed 25 May 2023.


“Methamphetamine Interactions.” Drugs.com, https://www.drugs.com/drug-interactions/methamphetamine.html. Accessed 25 May 2023.


“Methamphetamine Oral: Uses, Side Effects, Interactions, Pictures, Warnings & Dosing.” WebMD, https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/drug-8676/methamphetamine-oral/details. Accessed 25 May 2023.


“Methamphetamine Toxicity - StatPearls.” NCBI, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430895/. Accessed 25 May 2023.

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